Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var iltalica) or green cauliflower is a new type of vegetable for Bangladesh. Even a few days ago, broccoli was an unfamiliar and uncommon vegetable among the people of Bangladesh. But now it is becoming popular day by day as it is profitable and is appreciated by everyone in our country. Broccoli originated in Italy. Broccoli is called Italian Bokli. It is derived from the Italian word brocco. It is most popular in Italy and the United States. Broccoli looks like cauliflower, but the color is green. Its color is green and many people call it a green flower copy. This vegetable is one of the main ingredients used in Chinese food. Broccoli is not yet well known to most people in Bangladesh. This wonderful vegetable is now being cultivated in Bangladesh and it is now being exported outside the country to meet the demand of Chinese restaurants in the country.Because broccoli is relatively more nutritious and anti-cancer than other vegetables of the genus Copy. It is rich in protein, vitamins, C and minerals and has an attractive smell. Broccoli is not as big as cauliflower. Regularly playing broccoli increases youth.
The benefits of broccoli
Broccoli has anti-cancer properties. According to Santa, a scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, broccoli contains a special type of compound called isothiocyanates, which helps prevent cancer. We all know the role that broccoli plays in breast cancer prevention. Due to lack of vitamin A, children in our country suffer from night blindness and blindness. Broccoli can protect children from night blindness and blindness by eliminating the deficiency of this vitamin. It also enhances immunity and eliminates the symptoms of osteoporosis. Broccoli is a very tasty and nutritious vegetable. Its anterior and orbital buds turn into green inflorescences when mature. Pushpa Manjuri can be eaten as fry, soup and curry. As it is lighter than coffee, broccoli can only be boiled or eaten fresh. Broccoli can also be eaten. Its ka- is softer than cauliflower, Nutritious and delicious. In some countries Kasundi is made with Ka. A cauliflower is to be collected only once. But broccoli is economically viable as it can be harvested several times in a row. Its price is also higher than cauliflower. Broccoli can also be produced at home with relatively less care than cauliflower. Commercially cultivating broccoli has the potential to be economically very profitable. These vegetables are exportable.
Climate and soil required for broccoli cultivation
Broccoli also grows well in the climate in which cauliflower is grown. However, the range of environmental benefits of broccoli is a little wider High yields without waterlogging, fertile loam soils give good yields. The broccoli tree grows best at a temperature of 15-25 degrees Celsius Broccoli can give good yield even after the month of April. Broccoli can be grown in all parts of the country. Land with irrigation and drainage facilities should be selected for broccoli cultivation. Successful cultivation of broccoli requires adequate organic matter in the soil. It is better if the soil is fertile and soil acidity (pH) is 6.0-6.0. Broccoli is best grown in sandy loam, loam and clay soils. However, land with irrigation and drainage facilities should be selected for broccoli cultivation.
Notable varieties of broccoli
Broccoli is not only green in color. It has a variety of different colors. There are also eggplant or white broccoli. The purple varieties are harder and taste less than the green ones. Dark green or bluish green broccoli varieties with small heads are usually in high demand. Notable varieties are: Premium Crop, Green Comet, Disicco, Topper-43, Dundee, Spreading Texas 107, Green Duke, Crusader, Waltham 29, Green Mountain, Italian Green, Green Bud etc. All its varieties are imported from abroad At present, several varieties of broccoli seeds are coming to our country from Japan and are being sold in the market. Since the climate of Bangladesh is not conducive for broccoli seed production, seeds have to be imported every year.
Time of seed sowing
Until the month of Bhadra-Ashwin (mid-August-mid-October). Seeds can be sown in the seedbed till the month of Kartik (mid-November). However, the last week of September is the best time to sow seeds.
Seedlings made
The seedbed of broccoli is made by mixing 1 part of leaf rot or dung manure, 1 part of sand and 2 parts of soil . Broccoli seedlings can be planted from mid-October to the end of December. Younger seedlings grow faster. When the rainfall decreases in September, the seedbed can be sown by looking at the high ground. The bed should be made 1 meter wide in the seedbed. The soil of the bed should be well chopped and the grass and weeds should be cleaned and 4 to 5 kg of dung manure per square meter should be mixed with the soil and the bed should be leveled for a few days. If it rains in the early season, the seedlings should be protected during the rainy season with a polythene tent on the seedbed. Seedlings should be produced by calculating the time of planting. For one hectare of land, 250 to 400 gms of seeds should be sown in the seedbed. 150 g TSP, 100 g urea and 100 g MOP should be applied in each seedbed. If the seedling growth rate is low, 80-100 g of urea should be applied to each seedbed in moist soil. Some more seeds should be sown while sowing in the seedbed. Some seedlings may die after planting in the main field or land. When the seedlings of the main field die, the gaps can be filled with these seedlings of the same age. Remember it is better to plant seedlings less than a month old. Care should be taken to ensure that the seedbed never dries out completely and water does not accumulate again. Seedlings should be irrigated before transplanting. Then the roots of the seedlings become soft and it is easy to pick the seeds.
Prepare suitable land and plant saplings
As broccoli is a cold weather crop, it is cultivated only in Bangladesh during Rabi season. The cultivation of broccoli is exactly like that of cauliflower. Land that gets sun all day long should be selected for broccoli cultivation . The soil should be left in the sun for a few days with a plow or tiller. It is better to plant seedlings in beds for irrigation and drainage. Drains are very important for irrigation and drainage. At the time of cultivation, 25 to 40 kg of decomposed dung or farm manure should be mixed with the soil. All grass, roots, weeds, garbage should be cleaned and the lumps should be broken and leveled. After planting the seedlings must be watered at the beginning of the seedlings. If one or two large leaves are cut off at the beginning before planting, the seedlings will die less. As soon as it starts without new leaves from the head of the seedling, it should be understood that the seedling has stuck to the soil and has started taking food and water from the soil by leaving new roots.
Planting distance of seedlings
Seedling to seedling - 50 cm. Row to row - 60 cm.
Fertilizer application / management
Other fertilizers are very beneficial for broccoli. As the amount of urea fertilizer increases, so does the yield. Necessary amount of organic manure and chemical fertilizer should be applied during and after land preparation. Dung at the rate of 15,000 kg, urea 250 kg, MP 200 kg, TSP 150 kg and rotten khail 50 g per hectare should be applied. Urea fertilizer with organic manure should be applied in two equal installments from 15 days after planting.
Irrigation and drainage
Irrigation should be given immediately after application of fertilizer. If the land is dry, irrigation should be given.
Weed control
It is better to weed just before fertilizing. This allows the fertilizer to mix well with the soil and reduces the wastage of fertilizer. The land must be kept free from weeds till the leaves are fully spread. But remember broccoli is a shallow crop. Therefore, the soil near the base of the tree should not be plowed more than 5 cm deep. If the soil of the bed or land hardens and becomes hard, it must be broken with a hoe or spade.
Suppression of insects and diseases
Insects can attack the land during broccoli cultivation. Insect control requires the use of locally produced organic pesticides. The most harmful insect of broccoli in our country is head lice. Also other insects include crossodalmia leda insect, scorpion insect, horse insect etc. Also among the various diseases of broccoli are leaf spot and black rot disease. In addition, seedlings are attacked by diseases such as rot, mattress roots, mosaics, etc.
Harvesting
The best time to collect inflorescences is 60-70 days after planting broccoli. The flower buds are to be cut and collected with a sharp knife or blade with a three inch cut. In this way broccoli can be collected from the same land several times in a month. Flower buds should be collected in a fairly frozen state.
Yield of broccoli
With proper care, the yield is 12-13 tons per hectare.
The benefits of broccoli
Broccoli has anti-cancer properties. According to Santa, a scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, broccoli contains a special type of compound called isothiocyanates, which helps prevent cancer. We all know the role that broccoli plays in breast cancer prevention. Due to lack of vitamin A, children in our country suffer from night blindness and blindness. Broccoli can protect children from night blindness and blindness by eliminating the deficiency of this vitamin. It also enhances immunity and eliminates the symptoms of osteoporosis. Broccoli is a very tasty and nutritious vegetable. Its anterior and orbital buds turn into green inflorescences when mature. Pushpa Manjuri can be eaten as fry, soup and curry. As it is lighter than coffee, broccoli can only be boiled or eaten fresh. Broccoli can also be eaten. Its ka- is softer than cauliflower, Nutritious and delicious. In some countries Kasundi is made with Ka. A cauliflower is to be collected only once. But broccoli is economically viable as it can be harvested several times in a row. Its price is also higher than cauliflower. Broccoli can also be produced at home with relatively less care than cauliflower. Commercially cultivating broccoli has the potential to be economically very profitable. These vegetables are exportable.
Climate and soil required for broccoli cultivation
Broccoli also grows well in the climate in which cauliflower is grown. However, the range of environmental benefits of broccoli is a little wider High yields without waterlogging, fertile loam soils give good yields. The broccoli tree grows best at a temperature of 15-25 degrees Celsius Broccoli can give good yield even after the month of April. Broccoli can be grown in all parts of the country. Land with irrigation and drainage facilities should be selected for broccoli cultivation. Successful cultivation of broccoli requires adequate organic matter in the soil. It is better if the soil is fertile and soil acidity (pH) is 6.0-6.0. Broccoli is best grown in sandy loam, loam and clay soils. However, land with irrigation and drainage facilities should be selected for broccoli cultivation.
Notable varieties of broccoli
Broccoli is not only green in color. It has a variety of different colors. There are also eggplant or white broccoli. The purple varieties are harder and taste less than the green ones. Dark green or bluish green broccoli varieties with small heads are usually in high demand. Notable varieties are: Premium Crop, Green Comet, Disicco, Topper-43, Dundee, Spreading Texas 107, Green Duke, Crusader, Waltham 29, Green Mountain, Italian Green, Green Bud etc. All its varieties are imported from abroad At present, several varieties of broccoli seeds are coming to our country from Japan and are being sold in the market. Since the climate of Bangladesh is not conducive for broccoli seed production, seeds have to be imported every year.
Time of seed sowing
Until the month of Bhadra-Ashwin (mid-August-mid-October). Seeds can be sown in the seedbed till the month of Kartik (mid-November). However, the last week of September is the best time to sow seeds.
Seedlings made
The seedbed of broccoli is made by mixing 1 part of leaf rot or dung manure, 1 part of sand and 2 parts of soil . Broccoli seedlings can be planted from mid-October to the end of December. Younger seedlings grow faster. When the rainfall decreases in September, the seedbed can be sown by looking at the high ground. The bed should be made 1 meter wide in the seedbed. The soil of the bed should be well chopped and the grass and weeds should be cleaned and 4 to 5 kg of dung manure per square meter should be mixed with the soil and the bed should be leveled for a few days. If it rains in the early season, the seedlings should be protected during the rainy season with a polythene tent on the seedbed. Seedlings should be produced by calculating the time of planting. For one hectare of land, 250 to 400 gms of seeds should be sown in the seedbed. 150 g TSP, 100 g urea and 100 g MOP should be applied in each seedbed. If the seedling growth rate is low, 80-100 g of urea should be applied to each seedbed in moist soil. Some more seeds should be sown while sowing in the seedbed. Some seedlings may die after planting in the main field or land. When the seedlings of the main field die, the gaps can be filled with these seedlings of the same age. Remember it is better to plant seedlings less than a month old. Care should be taken to ensure that the seedbed never dries out completely and water does not accumulate again. Seedlings should be irrigated before transplanting. Then the roots of the seedlings become soft and it is easy to pick the seeds.
Prepare suitable land and plant saplings
As broccoli is a cold weather crop, it is cultivated only in Bangladesh during Rabi season. The cultivation of broccoli is exactly like that of cauliflower. Land that gets sun all day long should be selected for broccoli cultivation . The soil should be left in the sun for a few days with a plow or tiller. It is better to plant seedlings in beds for irrigation and drainage. Drains are very important for irrigation and drainage. At the time of cultivation, 25 to 40 kg of decomposed dung or farm manure should be mixed with the soil. All grass, roots, weeds, garbage should be cleaned and the lumps should be broken and leveled. After planting the seedlings must be watered at the beginning of the seedlings. If one or two large leaves are cut off at the beginning before planting, the seedlings will die less. As soon as it starts without new leaves from the head of the seedling, it should be understood that the seedling has stuck to the soil and has started taking food and water from the soil by leaving new roots.
Planting distance of seedlings
Seedling to seedling - 50 cm. Row to row - 60 cm.
Fertilizer application / management
Other fertilizers are very beneficial for broccoli. As the amount of urea fertilizer increases, so does the yield. Necessary amount of organic manure and chemical fertilizer should be applied during and after land preparation. Dung at the rate of 15,000 kg, urea 250 kg, MP 200 kg, TSP 150 kg and rotten khail 50 g per hectare should be applied. Urea fertilizer with organic manure should be applied in two equal installments from 15 days after planting.
Irrigation and drainage
Irrigation should be given immediately after application of fertilizer. If the land is dry, irrigation should be given.
Weed control
It is better to weed just before fertilizing. This allows the fertilizer to mix well with the soil and reduces the wastage of fertilizer. The land must be kept free from weeds till the leaves are fully spread. But remember broccoli is a shallow crop. Therefore, the soil near the base of the tree should not be plowed more than 5 cm deep. If the soil of the bed or land hardens and becomes hard, it must be broken with a hoe or spade.
Suppression of insects and diseases
Insects can attack the land during broccoli cultivation. Insect control requires the use of locally produced organic pesticides. The most harmful insect of broccoli in our country is head lice. Also other insects include crossodalmia leda insect, scorpion insect, horse insect etc. Also among the various diseases of broccoli are leaf spot and black rot disease. In addition, seedlings are attacked by diseases such as rot, mattress roots, mosaics, etc.
Harvesting
The best time to collect inflorescences is 60-70 days after planting broccoli. The flower buds are to be cut and collected with a sharp knife or blade with a three inch cut. In this way broccoli can be collected from the same land several times in a month. Flower buds should be collected in a fairly frozen state.
Yield of broccoli
With proper care, the yield is 12-13 tons per hectare.